Research

Research Interests

The psychology of information seeking and query formulation in skilled information searching using computer systems. This includes the processes involved in learning to search and the design of interactive retrieval systems that enrich the information literacy of their users.

Publications

link to my profile on: Google Scholar

Peer reviewed journal articles:

• Smith, C. L., & Matteson, M. L. (2018). Information literacy in the age of machines that learn: Desiderata for machines that teach. Libri International Journal of Libraries and Information Studies, 68(2), 71-84.
• Smith, C. L., Gwizdka, J., & Feild, H. (2017). The use of query auto-completion over the course of search sessions with multifaceted information needs. Information Processing & Management, 53(5), 1139-1155.
• Smith, C.L. (2017). Domain-independent search expertise: Gaining knowledge in query formulation through guided practice. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68(6), 1462–1479.
• Smith, C.L. (2017). Investigating the role of semantic priming in query expression: A framework and two experiments. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68(1), 168-181.
• Smith, C.L. (2016). Privacy and trust attitudes in the intent to volunteer for data-tracking research. Information Research, 21(4). Retrieved from http://www.informationr.net/ir/21-4/paper726.html
• Smith, C.L. (2015). Domain-independent search expertise: A description of procedural knowledge gained during guided instruction. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 66(7), 1388-1405.
• Smith, C.L. & Roseberry, M. L. (2013). Professional education in expert search: A content model. The Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 53(4), 255-269.

Refereed conference papers: full conference presentation

• Smith, C.L., & Rieh, S.Y. (2019, March). Knowledge-context in search systems: Toward information-literate actions. In proceedings of the 4th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval (CHIIR ’19), Glasgow, Scotland. Paper received an honorable mention.
• Smith, C.L., Gwizdka, J. & Field, H., (March, 2016). Exploring the use of query auto completion: Search behavior and query entry profiles. In proceedings of the 1st International ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval (CHIIR ’16), Chapel Hill, NC.
• Smith, C.L. & Wacholder, N. (2010). Developing a detailed view of query reformulation: One step in an incremental approach. In proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Annual Meeting (ASIST '10) , Pittsburgh, PA.
• Smith, C.L. & Kantor, P.B. (2008). User adaptation: Good results from poor systems. In proceedings of the 31st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval (SIGIR '08), Singapore, 147-154.

Refereed short papers: selected for publication in conference or workshop proceedings

• Smith, C.L. (March, 2016). Process-learning as a factor in evaluation. In proceedings of the Workshop on System and User Centered Evaluation Approaches in Interactive Information Retrieval (SAUCE 2016), Chapel Hill, NC. (selected for presentation)
• Smith, C.L. & Kantor, P. K. (August, 2015). Semantic priming in search and discovery. In proceedings of the SIGIR NeuroIR Workshop (NeuroIR’15), Santiago, Chile.
• Dickerhoof, A. & Smith, C.L. (October, 2014). Looking for query terms on search engine results pages. In proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIST '14), Seattle, WA.
• Smith, C.L. (November, 2013). Factors affecting conditions of trust in participant recruiting and retention: A position paper. In proceedings of the 2013 workshop on Living labs for Information Retrieval Evaluation (LivingLab '13), 13-14. (selected for presentation)
• Smith, C.L. (October, 2012). Exploring and describing search expertise. In proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST '12), Baltimore, MD.
• Smith, C.L. (2011). Conditions of trust for completely remote methods: A proposal for collaboration. 5th Workshop on Human-Computer Interaction and Information Retrieval (HCIR '11), Mountain View, CA.
• Smith, C.L. & Wacholder, N. (February, 2010). Why do users neglect suggestions?: Effects of semantic relatedness and task on word recognition. In proceedings of the 2010 iConference, Urbana-Champaign, IL.
• Smith, C.L. (October, 2008). Searcher adaptation: A response to topic difficulty. In proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST '08), Columbus, OH.
• Muresan, G., Smith, C. L., Cole, M., Liu, L., & Belkin, N. (January, 2006). Detecting document genre for personalization of information retrieval. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS '06), Kauai, HI.
• Muresan, G., Cole, M., Smith, C. L., Liu, L., & Belkin, N. (January, 2006). Does familiarity breed content? Taking account of familiarity with a topic in personalizing information retrieval. Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS '06), Kauai, HI.
• Muresan, G., Liu, L., Cole, M., Smith, C. L., & Belkin, N. (October, 2005). The effect of document readability on perceived familiarity and relevance. Proceedings of Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIST '05), Charlotte, NC.

Editorials and workshop reports:

• Capra, R., Freund, L., Smith, C.L., Smucker, M., & White, R.W. (December, 2013). HCIR 2013: The seventh international workshop on human-computer interaction and information retrieval. SIGIR Forum, 47(2), 33-40.
• White, R., Capra, R., Golovchinsky, G., Kules, B., Smith, C., & Tunkelang, D. (September, 2013). Editorial: Introduction to Special Issue on Human-Computer Information Retrieval. Information Processing & Management, 49(5), 1053-1057.
• Tunkelang, D., Cpara, R., Golovchinsky, G., Kules B., Smith, C. and White, R. (March, 2013). Symposium on human-computer information retrieval. Big Data, 1(1): 65-70.
• Capra, R., Golovchinsky, G., Kules, B., Smith, C.L. , Tunkelang, D., & White, R.W. (December, 2012). HCIR 2012: The sixth international workshop on human-computer interaction and information retrieval. SIGIR Forum, 46(2), 42-49.
• Capra, R., Kules, B., Smith, C.L., Tunkelang, D., & White, R.W. (December, 2011). HCIR 2011: The fifth international workshop on human-computer interaction and information retrieval. SIGIR Forum, 45(2), 102-107.
• Capra, R., Kules, B., Smith, C.L., Tunkelang, D., & White, R.W. (December, 2010). HCIR 2010: The fourth international workshop on human-computer interaction and information retrieval. SIGIR Forum, 44(2), 73-77.

Other research works

Posters:

• Chen, Z. & Smith, C.L. (2018, March). Accuracy of Bilingual Chinese-speakers Using Search Systems. Poster presented at the 2018 iConference, Sheffield, U.K.
• Smith, C.L. (January, 2016). The conceptualization and development of learning tasks for search expertise. Poster presented at the Association for Library and Information Science Education Annual Conference (ALISE '16), Boston, MA.
• Smith, C.L. & Wacholder, N. (October, 2010). Why Users Don't Take Suggestions: Preliminary Results. Poster presented at the Association for Library and Information Science Education Annual Conference (ALISE '10), Boston , MA .
• Smith, C.L. (January, 2009). Sensitivity to the results list : A response to poor system performance. Poster presented at the Association for Library and Information Science Education Annual Conference (ALISE '09), Denver, CO.
• Smith, C.L. (October, 2008). What might users be learning from the system?. Workshop poster presented at the Workshop on Human-Computer Interaction and Information Retrieval (HCIR '08), Seattle, WA.
• Barrett, L.P., de Richemond, J., Gal, C. S., Kantor, P. B., & Smith, C. L. (May, 2008). Assessing the Impact of IAIMS on the UMDNJ “Information Workspace”. Poster presented at the Medical Library Association Annual Meeting (MLA ‘08), Chicago, IL.
• Barrett, L.P., de Richemond, J., Gal, C. S., Kantor, P. B., & Smith, C. L. (November, 2007). Assessing the Impact of IAIMS on the UMDNJ “Information Workspace” . Poster presented at the American Medical Informatics Association 2007 Annual Symposium (IAIMS), Chicago, IL.

Technical reports:

• Smith, C.L. (2016). Development of 14 dichotomous scale items measuring attitudes in the intent to participate in research. Retrieved from http://faculty-l.slis.kent.edu/~seaed/Dichotomous_Item_Development_Technical_Report_Smith_2016.pdf
• Diaz, F., Smith, C., Stumpf, S., & Toms, E. (March, 2013). Bringing search into task: Identifying task primitives. NSF Task-Based Information Search Systems Workshop, invited participation. https://ils.unc.edu/taskbasedsearch/reports.html
• Smith, C.L. & Wang, G. (2012). Kent State University/Lemur Remote Toolkit (KLRT): A toolkit for remote collection of client-side search logs. Retrieved from http://iakm-research.slis.kent.edu/~seaed/KLRT_Technical_Report_Smith_Wang_2012.pdf
• Belkin, N., Cole, M., Gwizdka, J., Li, Y.-L., Liu, J.-J., Muresan, G., Roussinov, D., Smith, C. L., Taylor , A., Yuan, X.-J. (2005). Rutgers information interaction lab at TREC 2005: Trying hard. Paper presented at the Fourteenth Text Retrieval Conference (TREC2005), Gaithersburg , MD.
• Belkin, N., Chaleva, I., Cole, M., Li, Y.-L., Liu, L., Liu, Y.-H., Muresan, G., Smith, C. L., Sun, Y., Yuan, X.-J., & Zhang, X.-M. (2004). Rutgers' HARD track experiences at TREC 2004. Paper presented at the Thirteenth Text Retrieval Conference (TREC2004), Gaithersburg, MD.

Dissertation:

• Smith, C.L. (2010). Adaptive search behavior: A response to query failure. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.

Invited talks and roundtables

• Smith, C.L. & Matteson, M.(October 2016). Search expertise in student library workers: Making complex information systems more useable. Invited round-table discussion at the Academic Library Association of Ohio Conference (ALAO).
• Smith, C.L. (February, 2016). Why don't you use suggestions? Invited short talk at the winter meeting of the Northeast Ohio Chapter of ASIS&T (NORASIS&T).
• Smith, C.L. (November, 2012). Exploring & Describing Search Expertise. Invited talk at the Northeast Ohio Chapter of ASIS&T (NORASIS&T).
• Smith, C.L. (November, 2009). Why users don't take suggestions: Visual and semantic processing in the uptake of suggested query-terms. Brown Bag Lunch at Rutgers University Library & Information Science Department.
• Smith, C.L. & Wacholder, N.(October 2009). Why users don't take suggestions: Semantic processing during the search process. Invited talk at Syracuse University School of Information Studies, Brown Bag Lunch.
• Smith, C.L. (April, 2008). User adaptation: Good results from poor systems. Brown Bag Lunch at Rutgers University Library & Information Science Department.
• Smith, C.L. (May, 2007). Stopping behavior in information search: The effect of recent search experience on expectations, confidence, and action. Presentation at Connections 2007, Philadelphia, PA.
  

Grants and Support

• Principal investigator on College of Communication and Information Research and Creative Activity Fund award, $20,836, for “Academic Search Experience Study (ASES)”, awarded Summer 2019.
• Principal Investigator on Academic Year Research and Creative Activity Appointment from The Research Council of Kent State University, two course releases, for “Online Academic Library Guides: Pilot Study”, awarded Spring 2019 for 2019-2020 academic year.
• Principal investigator on Google Research Award, $76,000, for "A description of domain-independent search expertise", awarded Summer 2011
• Co-principal investigator on Google Research Award, $70,000, for "Why users don't take suggestions: Visual and semantic processing in the uptake of suggested query-terms", awarded Spring 2009, (with N. Wacholder)
• SC&I Graduate Fellowship, 2008-2009 Academic Year, Rutgers University, School of Communication and Information
• Student Travel Grant, ACM Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval, $1,600, July 2008
• Co-principal investigator on SC&I Research Development Award, $2,100, for "Identifying factors that inhibit information seekers' recognition of useful query terms", awarded Fall 2006, (with N. Wacholder)

Additional Research Experience

• "Barriers to Innovation: Problems, Experiments, and Paths to Solutions. Final report on research conducted for the White Rose Health Innovation Project." 2006-07, Research Associate. Development, implementation, and analysis of online survey of health-related technology innovators in New Jersey, for the Brystra Corporation.
• Evaluation of the Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems (IAIMS) Operational Project. 2006. Research team member. Report writing and development of online survey, supervised by Dr. P. Kantor.
• Website Quality Study, 2006. Research team member. Automation of assessment instrument and evaluation of selected sites, supervised by Dr. C. McInerney.
• Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) 2004, 2005. Research team member. Planning, analysis and writing, supervised by Dr. N. Belkin.